Last updated on October 12th, 2022 at 07:34 am
Learn to make a spicy and full-bodied homemade vegan kimchi with this simple recipe. This cabbage kimchi is easy, vegan and delicious. It's also fantastically cost-effective keeping you in fermented cabbage for weeks. All it requires is 10 ingredients and a pair of gloves.
This recipe was originally posted July 23, 2017 and updated July 12, 2021 with updated instructions, technical information, process images and recipe tips.
I eat kimchi with everything; on toast, with scrambled tofu, in pasta...you name it. I am officially addicted to the stuff and eat it everyday.
Learning to make it at home is a no-brainer. Besides being incredibly good for you - it contains good bacteria and probiotics for overall wellness - making your own means you can make it the way you like it. And it's cheap so...win!
Things to Love About Homemade Vegan Kimchi
Making kimchi is a great way to start your fermenting journey and this recipe is super simple. It's:
- vegan! - you don't have to worry about fish sauces or shrimp pastes
- naturally gluten-free
- simple with only 10 ingredients
- so much cheaper than store-bought kimchi
- abundant, making three or four 500ml jars depending on the size of your cabbage
- adaptable to your taste
- really easy once you know how
- great for your gut health!
What is Kimchi?
Kimchi is a traditional fermented Korean condiment made with vegetables most commonly Napa cabbage or Wombok if you are in Australia.
Records indicate this vegetable side has been around for some 3000 years with the first references being to salted cucumber.
Source: News H
How is Kimchi Fermented? The Technical Stuff
Kimchi is made by lacto-fermentation, fermentation by lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus bacteria ). Yup, that's the same culture as yoghurt! Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is found in vegetables, mammals milk, cereal, wine! Pretty much everywhere.
"Lactobacillus bacteria have the ability to convert sugars into lactic acid. The Lactobacillus strain is so named because it was first studied in milk ferments. These bacteria readily use lactose or other sugars and convert them quickly and easily to lactic acid."
Source: Cultures for Health
Don't be intimated by lacto-fermentation. Making fermented foods is pretty easy and the process occurs inside the jar whether you are staring at it or no.
Here's how it works.
Once vegetables are soaked in a salt brine to kill off any nasty pathogens, the lactic acid bacteria gets down to business.
Immune to the salt bath that killed off other bacteria, LAB metabolises carbohydrates (like sugar) in the vegetables into lactic acid giving fermented foods their delicious sourness.
Besides creating flavour, the lactic acid creates a hostile environment that prevents nasties from emerging. You know, like botulism.
While all this is happening, LAB produces another by-product; carbon dioxide (CO2). CO2 makes the kimchi pop when you open the jar for the first time, and adds a fizzy kick to the taste.
That CO2 also builds up creating pressure in the jar so make sure to give your kimchi a little burb. Just open the lid a touch to release that pressure.
OK, let's make some kimchi.
What You'll Need | Ingredients
Gochugaru: a Korean chilli used to make kimchi. You can find it at any Asian grocery store - you'll need the ground stuff, not the paste.
Soy bean paste: soy bean paste provides that hit of umami needed to create a full-bodied kimchi. Traditionally, kimchi is made with shrimp paste but soy bean paste is a great substitute. It is available in some grocery stores and all Asian grocers.
Vegan fish sauce: you can find vegan fish sauce in some grocery stores, Asian grocers and whole food markets.
Glutinous rice flour: Asian grocers always carry glutinous rice flour. It can't be substituted for rice flour; it must be the glutinous variety. You can skip this but I use it for a thicker kimchi.
Iodine-free salt: iodine inhibits the fermentation process so you'll need a fine salt without iodine.
How to Make Vegan Kimchi
Step 1: Preparing the Cabbage
You'll find full instructions and measurements in the recipe card at the bottom of the post.
Salting or brining the cabbage inhibits bacterial growth and tenderises the vegetable. There are two ways to salt the cabbage; the first is to sprinkle dry salt on each leaf and sit it for 6 to 8 hours. The second way is to use a salt bath - that's the method we're using today.
I use a 12 per cent salt solution to make my kimchi.
Meaning for every 10 cups of water, I use a cup and a quarter of fine sea salt.
Traditionally, kimchi is made with a 12 to 15 per cent solution - I just prefer it a little less salty.
Salt bathing is a simple method.
First, remove the cabbage's outer leaves (set them aside for later use), cut the remaining cabbage in to quarters lengthways and then chop into 1-inch pieces and pop them in large bowl or container. You can add the spring onions too.
Cover them with water and add the salt. Smoosh and mix the cabbage and salt water until the salt is combined and the cabbage is submerged. Leave to sit and tenderise for 3 to 4 hours or until the cabbage is soft and floppy.
Tip: Cutting the cabbage into 1-inch pieces also makes it easier to eat.
Drain the salt water from the cabbage and taste a leaf. If the leaf is too salty for you, give the batch a super quick rinse and taste again. You want it salty but not so much that you can't eat it. I give my cabbage a 5-second rinse in a colander, before giving the cabbage a squeeze to remove any excess water.
Alrighty, let's finish the recipe.
Step 2: Prepare The Paste
This recipe uses glutinous rice flour (rice flour is different) to thicken the kimchi. It is optional.
To use it, combine half a tablespoon of the flour with a third of a cup of water. Stirring constantly, heat them together in a saucepan over medium heat until the mixture thickens. It will look like smooth glue. Remove from the heat to cool a little while you prepare the other paste ingredients.
Process all the paste ingredients, including the rice flour "glue", together to a paste.
Step 3: Combine the Cabbage and Paste
Wearing disposable gloves, massage the paste in to the cabbage making sure every piece is coated.
Step 4: Pack The Jars
Fill sterilised jars* with your kimchi making sure to fill in any air holes and pressing down (compacting) as you go. I poke a chopstick in to my jar popping any air holes as I go. Air creates bacteria so take the time to pop those holes!
Fill the jars, leaving a full inch between the kimchi and the jar's opening. Fold one of the outer leaves you set aside over the top of the mixture to hold it down (to be honest I don't always do this) and seal with a lid.
*My homemade strawberry jam with chilli post has complete instructions to help you sterilise jars properly.
Step 5: Let the Fermenting Begin
To create its iconic funky tanginess, kimchi relies on fermentation. The longer you leave your kimchi, the more lactic acid will develop and the more sour it will taste. When you see bubbles developing, you know the fermentation process is working. You can taste the kimchi each day (be careful not to contaminate the inside of the jar) until it reaches your preferred sourness.
I find leaving the the kimchi jars on the kitchen counter for 24-36 hours (in warm weather) or up to 5 days in the cooler months the sweet spot.
Alternatively, you can ferment your vegan kimchi entirely in the fridge - it will take 2 to 3 weeks. Kimchi will keep in the refrigerator for 3 to 4months.
Storage
Store your kimchi in the fridge. This kimchi is un-pasterised meaning the beneficial bacteria is still alive and the kimchi will continue to ferment. If you leave it at room temperature too long, gas will start to build up in the jar. When you open the jar, it may explode.
Popping your kimchi jars in the fridge won't stop the fermentation process but it will slow it down. It will happily live in the fridge for more than a year.
Recipe Notes & Tips
Tip 1. Holy Moly, if I can convince you of anything I hope it's this - wear gloves when massaging the paste in to the cabbage and packing your jars. Trust me.
Tip 2. The saltier the vegan kimchi the faster the fermentation process.
Tip 3. Drain the cabbage as well as you can after salting. A pro tip is to drain the cabbage and give it a spin in a salad spinner. Excess water will settle on the bottom of the jars during fermentation and lift the cabbage.
Tip 4. If you cover your kimchi with a folded cabbage leaf and it goes a little funky, just get rid of it. Wipe out the rim of the jar as best you can, and replace it with a fresh one. If cabbage touches air here, it will mold so press it down. Your kimchi should be fine underneath.
Tip 5. You can eat your kimchi straight away! It's perfectly safe and delicious. Fermenting gives a fuller-bodied umami flavour. I start eating one jar pretty much right away and leave the others to ferment.
Tip 6. During fermentation CO2 also builds up creating pressure in the jar so make sure to give your kimchi a little burb. Just open the lid a touch to release that pressure.
Once you've made your own vegan kimchi, you'll never go back - it is so easy and tastes crazy good. Also, it adaptable! You can tweak it to suit your taste, After you've mixed the paste in to the vegetables have a little taste. Need more sugar? Add a little? More salt? Have at it!
Making it at home means you make it the way you like. Enjoy, x.
Recipe FAQs
Not always. Traditional kimchi is made with fish sauce and shrimp paste. If you prefer to buy your kimchi, check the ingredients.
While any type of table salt will work, idodised salt inhibits the fermentation process so try and buy unrefined, uniodised fine salt.
Temperature plays a part in the fermentation process. If you are concerned and don't want to leave your kimchi out at room temperature, you can ferment in the fridge - it will take 2 to 3 weeks.
If you kimchi smells normal, it probably is. If you see any signs of mould, it has gone bad and should be disposed of.
Fermenting is an ancient form of preserving food - it was around long before refrigerators. Making sure your preparation area, equipment and hands are clean will go a long way to creating a healthy and safe fermenting environment.
Having said that, fermented foods have a limited shelf life. Spoiled fermented foods are not good for you. Like any food, if a fermented food smells unmistakenly rancid or putrid, don't eat it.
I'm not going to lie, we eat a ridiculous amount of kimchi and there is never any left to freeze so I cannot speak to this with much authority.
But, I did a little digging and found this article at Pantry Tips. It's a super helpful post and well worth a look.
"Yes, you can freeze kimchi. By freezing kimchi, you can extend their shelf life for up to 7 years. Kimchi will need to be stored in an airtight container or freezer bag and sealed tight to prevent air from leaking in. Any air that gets in the container or bag can cause freezer burn to the kimchi."
Try your homemade kimchi in these recipes:
Easy Mushroom and Kimchi Dumplings
Vegan Kimchi Crispy Mushroom Burgers and on top of my
Inspired Soft Scrambled Tofu (it's so good!)
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Vegan Kimchi
Equipment
- a large bowl or container to hold the cabbage
- food processor
Ingredients
- 1 Wombok (Napa) cabbage outer leaves removed (and set aside) and remaining cabbage cut in to inch-size pieces
- 6 spring onions cut in to 1-inch batons
- 1 ¼ cup fine salt not iodonised salt
- 10 cups cold water
Kimchi Paste
- ½ tablespoon glutinous rice flour (optional)
- ⅓ cup cold water (optional)
- 1 tablespoon soybean paste
- ¼ cup vegan fish sauce
- ½ cup Korean chilli powder gochugaru
- ¼ onion peeled and roughly chopped
- 6 garlic cloves peeled and roughly chopped
- 1 tablespoon ginger around a 1-inch piece, peeled and sliced
- ¼ cup raw caster sugar or plain sugar
Instructions
- Remove the outer leaves of the cabbage and set aside. Chop the remaining cabbage in to 1-inch pieces.
- Transfer the cabbage to a large bowl or container (large enough to hold the cabbage) and add enough water to just cover. I find 10 cups is usually enough. Add 1 cup (10 per cent) of fine salt and stir the mixture well with your hands until the water is salty and the leaves are covered. Add the spring onions to the mixture. Set aside, covered, for 3 to 4 hours or until the cabbage is tender.
- Meanwhile make the kimchi paste. Combine the glutinous rice flour and the ⅓ of a cup of water in a saucepan and heat it over low to medium heat, stirring constantly. Heat until the mixture thickens to a smooth paste. It will look like thick glue. Remove from the heat to cool.
- Add the rice flour paste and the remaining kimchi paste ingredients to a processor and blend to a smooth paste. Set aside.
- After the cabbage has been salted and is tender, drain it. Taste a cabbage leaf and if it is too salty give the cabbage a super quick rinse (don't wash away all the salt!) and drain well.
- Put on a pair of disposable kitchen gloves.
- Transfer the cabbage and spring onions back to the bowl and add the kimchi paste. Massage the paste in to the vegetables really well making sure they are all well coated.
- Still wearing gloves transfer the kimchi in to clean jars making sure to fill in any gaps or air bubbles. Press down as you go. Leave a 1-inch headspace between the kimchi and the jar's opening. Fold one of the outer cabbage leaves we set aside earlier over the top of the kimchi to hold it down and seal with a lid.
- Place the sealed jars on your kitchen counter away from direct light for 3 to 5 days to ferment. If the weather is hot only ferment for 1 to 2 days. Store in the refrigerator for 4 to 6 months. You can ferment your kimchi in the fridge rather than on the counter. Simply pop the prepared jars in the fridge to ferment for 2 to 3 weeks.
Jasmine says
Amazing. Delicious. Nutritious.
Thank you for the recipe Amanda. I am sharing it with everyone!
X jasmine
Amanda says
You're awesome. Thanks so much Jasmine! xx
Kim says
Reading this recipe made me remember that I found your blog while searching for kimchi recipes a few years ago. It’s an excellent recipe and not intimidating. I still make kimchi years later but sometimes I cheat and buy a huge jar at the Asian market by my house. I do save their large jar to put my own in though ! Thanks again!
Amanda says
Oh, I love hearing that Kim! Thank you. I cheat too sometimes. My local Asian grocer carries a vegan kimchi and sometimes it's just easier.I gotta have kimchi in my kitchen - no matter who makes it. Have a great day. A, x.
Debby Michalowski says
How do I make it MILD?
Amanda says
Hi Debby,
You could cut way back on the Korean chilli pepper - maybe only add a 2-3 tablespoons. It is pretty spicy stuff. I did a little look around and found this recipe for a mild kimchi. Baek Kimchi has no chilli in it - https://mykoreankitchen.com/baek-kimchi-non-spicy-white-kimchi/#wprm-recipe-container-9645
I hope this helps!
A.
kim chi ngon says
A strange & good way to make kimchi korea. I will try this approach! Thanks for sharing <3
Amanda says
Thank you for visiting. i feel a little under pressure - your kimchi looks so beautiful.